Protection of Power Systems with Distributed Generation: State of the Art

The integration of distributed sources into existing networks brings up several technical, economical and regulatory questions. In terms of physical integration, protection is one of the major issues. Therefore new protection schemes for both distributed generators (DG) and utility distribution networks have been developed in the recent years, but there are still open questions. This document is the result of a literature study and intends to give an overview of issues and current state concerning protection of DG. The first part gives a basic introduction to distributed generation and power system protection. In section 2 protection issues concerning DG are outlined, then the current practice is described in section 3. In section 4 some new approaches in this field are reported and finally section 5 concludes with an outlook.